Scale de evaluare și chestionare 

Hungarian Version of the Types of Positive Affect Scale – Differentiating Between Soothing and Activating Positive Affect 

The Types of Positive Affect Scale allows us to differentiate between activating and soothing positive affect, which the PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Scale) the most used instrument for measuring affect cannot do. This distinction is very important, as the two types of positive affect are based on different emotion regulation systems, and empirical evidence shows that calming positive affect is relatively more important for mental health than activating positive affect. 

Póka, T., Barta, A., Veres, A., & Mérő, L. (2023). Hungarian adaptation of Types of Positive Affect Scale: Differentiation between activating and soothing positive affect. Studia UBB Psychol.-Paed., 68(2), 5–21. DOI:10.24193/subbpsyped.2023.2.01 
https://studiapsypaed.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2-2023-1.pdf 


Career Adapt-Abilities Scale 

The Career Adaptability Scale shows how well an individual can adapt to new situations as they develop and build their career. It measures four subscales: anxiety (how concerned are individuals about future), control (whether they are increasing their control over future career), curiosity (curiosity about their future) and confidence (confidence in achieving their goal). 

Veres, A., Farcas, Zs, Petric, E. & Szamosközi, I. (2017). Career Adapt-Abilites ScaleTransylvanian Hungarian Form: Psychometric Properties and Relationship to Work Experience, In: 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM 2017. 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences & Arts SGEM: Section Psychology and Psychiatry, Bulgaria (51–58). STEF92 TECHNOLOGY Ltd. DOI: 10.5593/sgemsocial2017/32/S11.007 
https://www.sgemsocial.org/index.php/component/jresearch/?view=publication&task=show&id=2575 


Career Maturity Inventory-Form C 

The Career Maturity Inventory-Form C measures career readiness, with three sub-scales measuring dimensions of career adaptability: anxiety, curiosity and confidence. In addition, a subscale measures the style of the choice process in making an occupational choice. The instrument can be used in career counselling with younger age groups. 

Veres, A., Farcas, Zs, Petric, E. & Szamosközi, I. (2017). Adaptation of Career Maturity Inventory – Form C for Hungarian Sample Living in Transylvania, In: 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM 2017. 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences & Arts SGEM: Section Psychology and Psychiatry, Bulgaria (19–26). STEF92 TECHNOLOGY Ltd. DOI: 10.5593/ sgemsocial2017/32/S11.003 
https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42746730 


The Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ18_HU) 

The Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ18_HU) is designed to assess or screen sexual function in a general population of Hungarian-speaking adult men and women. The instrument can be used effectively in both clinical practice and research, taking up to 5 minutes to complete and interpret. It measures five dimensions of sexual functioning: arousal, desire, pain, pleasure and orgasm. Higher scores indicate greater dysfunction. 

Kalcza-Janosi, K., Marschalkó, E. E., Kotta, I., Bibok, B. (2022). The Sexual Function Questionnaire: Validation and Gender-Neutral Adaptation to Hungarian (SFQ18_HU). International Journal of Advanced Studies in Sexology, 4(2). 
https://doi.org/10.46388/ijass.2022.4.15 


The Fear of War Scale (FOWARS) 

The Fear of War Scale (FOWARS) can be used to measure fear as a state or, in the case of repeated use, fluctuations in fear under wartime conditions. The newly developed scale focuses on the experiential presence of fear (based on subjective assessment) and physiological responses to specific external threats (signs of autonomic nervous system reactivity). A higher score indicates a higher self-reported fear of war. The FOWARS, consisting of 13 items, has robust psychometric properties and has been shown to be an appropriate measure of war fear in the general population. 

Kalcza-Janosi, K., Kotta, I., Marschalko, E.E., Szabo, K. (2023). The Fear of War Scale (FOWARS): Development and Initial Validation. Soc. Sci. 12(5), 283. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12050283 


COVID-19 Prevention Behaviour Scale (Covid-19-PBS) 

The COVID-19 Prevention Behaviour Scale (Covid-19-PBS) is used to assess COVID-19 preventive behaviour. Three main areas of prevention behaviour can be measured with this instrument: general hygiene, social distancing and seeking information about COVID-19. Higher scores indicate greater engagement in prevention behaviour. 

Kalcza-Janosi, K., Jancso-Farcas, S., Szabo, K., Kotta, I. and Marschalkó, E. E. (2021). The Development and Validation of COVID-19 Prevention Behaviour Scale on Female Hungarian Population. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 22(3), 188–197. 
https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol22/iss3/18 


Romanian And Hungarian Translations Of The Attitudes Toward Sexuality Scale – Psychometric Validation 

The original version of the scale was developed by Fisher and Hall (1988), in the present study we used 14-item adapted scale from Gerchenovitch and Rusu (2019). The instrument covers many aspects of sexuality, including nudity, abortion, contraception, premarital sex, pornography, prostitution, homosexuality and STIs. Responses can be marked on a 5 point Likert scale, with responses ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). It measures three dimensions of attitudes towards sexuality: liberal attitudes, conservative attitudes and ethical/moral attitudes towards sexuality. 

Gergely, R. H., & Rusu, A. S. (2023). Romanian And Hungarian Translations Of The Attitudes Toward Sexuality Scale – Psychometric Validation. In I. Albulescu, & C. Stan (Eds.), Education, Reflection, Development – ERD 2022, vol 6. European Proceedings of Educational Sciences (pp. 379–387). European Publisher. 
https://doi.org/10.15405/epes.23056.34 


Linguistic Validation of the Romanian and Hungarian Translations of the Attitudes About Sexuality for People with Disabilities Questionnaire 

This questionnaire, also known as the Reuth Open Door Questionnaire, was developed by experts from the Israeli Family Planning Association (IFPA, n.d.) and later adapted into the international literature by Gerchenovitch and Rusu (2019). The instrument, which consists of 12 statements, can be used to explore attitudes towards the sexuality of persons with disabilities. 

Gergely, R. H., & Rusu, A. S. (2022). Linguistic validation of the Romanian and Hungarian translations of the attitudes about sexuality for people with disabilities questionnaire. Educatia 21, (23), 85–91. 
https://doi.org/10.24193/ed21.2022.23.09 


Multidimensional Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (CoVaH) 

The CoVaH is the first multidimensional scale to assess the beliefs and attitudes behind reluctance and refusal to vaccinate against Covid-19. The scale includes items related to vaccine risk (adverse effects), fear (related to individual emotional and physiological responses), and lack of confidence/scepticism in the beneficial effects of the vaccine on health and community. The 15-item scale is recommended for use in measuring uncertainty about the Covid-19 vaccine and predicting vaccination intention. The scale is available in English and Hungarian. 

Kotta, I., Kálcza-Jánosi, K., Szabó, K. T., & Marschalkó, E. E. (2021). Development and validation of the multidimensional COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy Scale. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 18(1), 1–10. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.2007708 


Online Sexual Activity Scale (OSAS) 

There is an ongoing scientific debate regarding the conceptualisation of problematic online sexual activity (OSA) as either sexual addiction or sexual compulsivity. The Online Sexual Activity Scale (OSAS) is a measurement tool developed from a transparent, network-based perspective, going beyond the traditional psychiatric nosology of problematic sexual behaviour. The 12-item OSAS scale proposes measuring components of both nosological definitions (addictive behaviour and compulsive disorder), as problematic online sexual activity encompasses symptoms of both diagnostic criteria within a transdiagnostic approach. The scale is available in both English and Hungarian. 

Kotta, I., Kálcza-Jánosi, K., Marschalkó, E. E., Bandi, S., & Bibok, B. (2022). Online Sexual Activity Scale (OSAS): Going Beyond the Nosological Polemics of Compulsivity vs Addiction. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 21(5), 3276–3292. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00791-4 


Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Hungarian Version of Self-Determination Scale (SDS) 

The SDS is designed to assess individual differences by considering the tendency towards self-determined functioning. It examines the inclination for self-determination, which is an aspect of personality and is linked to awareness of personal feelings and sense of self, as well as the perception of free choice and personal autonomy. The more self-determined a person is, the greater their self-awareness and the stronger their sense of personal freedom/personal control in actions and decision-making. The scale is available in both English and Hungarian. 

Marschalko, E., Kalcza-Janosi, K., Kotta, I. , Bibok, B. (2021). ‘Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Hungarian Version of Self-Determination Scale’. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Open Science Index 177, International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, 15(9), 818 – 821.e-ISSN: 2163-1956 
https://publications.waset.org/10012219/translation-cultural-adaptation-and-validation-of-the-hungarian-version-of-self-determination-scale